ถามเรื่อง Syntax ค่ะ

[5910035327]

สวัสดีค่ะ อาจารย์
ในเรื่อง Syntax การที่ประโยคใดจะถูกหริอผิกหลัก Syntax นั้น เราต้องวิเคราะห์โดยการ ดูการเรียงลำดับหน่วยคำในประโยคว่าเรียงถูกหรือผิดเท่านั้นรึเปล่าค่ะ
หรือมีกรณีอื่นที่ผิดหลัก Syntax อีกมั้ยค่ะ รบกวนอาจารย์ช่วยอธิบายหน่อยค่ะ

ขอบคุณค่ะ

[Ekkawit P]

Dear Khun 5910035327

While you’re still waiting for the most appropriate answer from Ajarn(s), let me share with you what I’ve found about “syntax”, which won’t give you a direct answer to your query but might eventually give you a clearer picture of “syntax”.

These are some examples on different aspects of “syntax”, and you may get to know a little bit more.

***
Syntax Examples

Syntax is the way in which words and punctuation are used and arranged to form phrases, clauses and sentences. This can mean the selection of a word or the word's tense, the arrangement of the words and the selection of the punctuation.
Syntax is also known as the study of the rules that must be followed to create well-formed phrases, clauses and sentences.

Correct and Incorrect Syntax
• Incorrect - While watching a movie, people who text on their phone are very annoying.
• Correct - People who text on their phone while watching a movie are very annoying.
The phrase "while watching a movie" modifies the noun phrase "People who text on their phone" by explaining when they text. The modifier should follow the noun phrase of the sentence.

• Incorrect - Happy about her upcoming promotion, the trip home was full of singing.
• Correct - Happy about her upcoming promotion, Sammie sang all the way home.
The phrase "Sammie sang all the way home" is more descriptive than "the trip home was full of singing.

• Incorrect - Come for a visit I have plenty of food.
• Correct - Come for a visit! I have plenty of food.
Breaking the words into two sentences allows for an exclamation mark which increases the impact of "Come for a visit!"

• Incorrect - Before we go to the movies.
• Correct - I need to rest before we go to the movies.
"Before we go to the movies" is a sentence fragment. Adding "I need to rest" makes the words a complete sentence.

• Incorrect - I gave him money I stole from the store.
• Correct - I gave him the money I stole from the store.
Adding the word "the" further explains which money was given.

• Incorrect - To the movies we are going.
• Correct - We are going to the movies.
Reversing the order of the words makes this a more direct sentence.

• Incorrect - You can't go the movies. Or buy popcorn without any money.
• Correct - You can't go the movies or buy popcorn without any money.
Expressed as two sentences, it says you cannot go to the movies. It doesn't say why. It also leaves a sentence fragment of "Or buy popcorn without any money. By combining the two sentences it makes it clear that the money is needed for both the movies AND the popcorn.

• Incorrect - Did you ever speak to him? Yes, I was speaking to him yesterday.
• Correct - Did you ever speak to him? Yes, I spoke to him yesterday.
Verb tense was changed.

• Incorrect - Having learned Italian in a few months, the vacation to Italy was a success.
• Correct - Having learned Italian in a few months, John was successful during his vacation to Italy.
By adding "John was successful during his" it becomes clear that John was the success, not the vacation.

• Incorrect - Her mother made her to call and thank him for the present.
• Correct - Her mother made her call and thank him for the present.
The "to" is not necessary.

• Incorrect - If I took the bus, I will get there in 20 minutes.
• Correct - If I took the bus, I would get there in 20 minutes.
Verb tense was changed.

• Incorrect - We are not allowed smoking in the restaurant.
• Correct - We are not allowed to smoke in the restaurant.
Verb tense was changed.

• Incorrect - I'm getting the car right now. I can be there in no time.
• Correct - I'm getting the car right now. I should be there in no time.
"Can" means I am able. "Should" is projecting that I am able.

• Incorrect - Gary lives on the Elm Street.
• Correct - Gary lives on Elm Street.
The "the" is not necessary.

• Incorrect - This house is dusty filthy and stinky.
• Correct - This house is dusty, filthy and stinky.
A comma is necessary in a list of adjectives in order to set them apart from each other.

• Incorrect - She is not interested to buy jewelry.
• Correct - She is not interested in buying jewelry.
**The original of this pair of examples was stated that "Verb tense was changed," but I believe it should be "Word choice was changed." This is because the correct sentence uses 'interested in V+ing...", replacing "interested to + infinitive w/o to.

• Incorrect - Looking over Charlie's exam, several mistakes became evident immediately.
• Correct- Looking over Charlie's exam, the teacher noticed several mistakes.
The correction adds a subject to the sentence.

• Incorrect - Have you went to the library lately?
• Correct - Have you been to the library lately?
The verb was corrected.

• Incorrect - We had lived at this address for ten years.
• Correct - We have been living at this address for ten years.
Verb tense was changed.

• Incorrect - The musical piece the choir sung was lovely.
• Correct - The musical piece the choir sang was lovely.
Verb tense was changed.

Now that you have seen these syntax examples, check out some more examples of syntax in writing.

SOURCE: https://examples.yourdictionary.com/syn ... mples.html

*****
Hope you find the above content useful enough.

Enjoy your study!

Best wishes always,
Ekkawit
Class of 2015

[5910035327]

ขอบคุณมากค่ะ คุณ Ekkawit P สำหรับตัวอย่าง Syntax
ช่วยให้เข้าใจเพิ่มมากขึ้นกว่าเดิมจริงๆ ค่ะ

[Chirasiri]

ขอบคุณคุณเอกวิทย์ค่ะ

ขอสรุปว่า การผิดหลักวากยสัมพันธ์ คือการที่หน่วยต่าง ๆ ในวลีหนึ่ง ๆ หรือโครงสร้างหนึ่ง ๆ (ไม่ใช่ระดับคำ เพราะsyn คือ ความสัมพันธ์) ประกอบขึ้นมาจากชนิด ประเภทของคำ ที่ไม่ได้ไปด้วยกัน
เช่น กริยาตัวที่ต้องการนามวลีตาม แต่ตามด้วย บุพบทวลี จึงโครงสร้างจึงผิดหลักวากยสัมพันธ์

แหล่งข้อมูลที่เชื่อถือได้คือ Advanced learners' dictionary ที่ดึงข้อมูลจาก corpus คือคลังข้อมูลภาษา ค่ะ
เมื่อเราเข้าใจตัวย่อ เช่น NP (noun phrase) VP (verb phrase) PP (preposition phrase) เราจะค้นคว้าได้ว่า การใช้ตามหลักวากยสัมพันธ์เป็นอย่างไรค่ะ

[5910035327]

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